Ethical Issues In Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Moral Issues In Business - Assignment Example Such organizations ought to be answerable for all the correctional measures demanded against them by the legislative experts for inability to watch ecological wellbeing and preservation in their practices (Ferrel et al, 67). In the case introduced, it is judicious to take note of that Jared had understood that there was a major issue with the company’s removal framework. Applicable to the abovementioned, he had just tended to certain issues related with the reason. Besides, he has likewise set up a few methods to utilize later on so as to guarantee that the issue doesn't occur once more. Following the abovementioned, it is essential to recognize the way that Jared has demonstrated a solid component of natural obligation and protection. This is planned for accomplishing natural sustainability. Relevant to the abovementioned, it is significant for Darwin Chemical Company to report something believable, sensible and normal to the specialists about the circumstance with no dre ad of the outcomes that may follow. The organization should report that they speculate some waste items may have been penetrating into the water bodies encompassing a few enterprises and organizations. Be that as it may, the DCC holds in its qualities and ideals the thought that â€Å"it ought to be an obligation of the considerable number of enterprises to guarantee that every one of their activities are naturally agreeable. This is on the grounds that bargaining the natural wellbeing is related with the trade off to human wellbeing and other biodiversity†. In such manner, the Darwin Chemical Company should demand the specialists to permit them to direct some concoction and physical evaluations inside their general surroundings, particularly the waterway being referred to.

Oedipus Research Paper Essay

Aristotle has for quite some time been perceived for his commitments to numerous regions of society, from math and science to writing. It is asserted that Aristotle was supremacist, misogynist and homophobic and that these perspectives shaded the manner in which he saw the world (Engle, 2008). From a portion of these perspectives, the lamentable saint develops. There are a few key parts to an Oedipushaving an appalling legend. The first is that the fundamental character (hero) must be of honorable birth or an individual from a regal family. Notwithstanding being of respectable ancestry, the hero must experience the ill effects of a deadly or disastrous imperfection. This blemish isn't essential a confidence defect, yet rather an imperfection that happens as an outcome of one’s decisions or activities. A grievous legend will develop the sentiments of pity or dread and cause the peruser and crowd to relate to the principle character. Furthermore, at last, the crowd or peruser must experience â€Å"Catharsis†. Purification is an inclination of diminish that the principle character had his come-uppance and was cut down. It's anything but a sentiment of sorrow or misery over the destiny of the aristocrat. Kennedy (pages 856-858). To expand, the aristocrat must be of high home that gives him a position of respect. The tumble from this pride causes the occasion to appear to be to a greater extent a catastrophe in that it includes something beyond the primary character. A fall that influences a whole country or individuals is frequently the aftereffect of a nobleman’s fall. The fundamental character is positively no superman; he is questionable and has a shortcoming of character that prompts his end. Kennedy (pages 856-858) According to Aristotle, the perfect grievous legend is characterized as: â€Å"There stays then the man who possesses the mean among righteousness and evil. He isn't extra-conventional in goodness and honorableness but then doesn't fall into terrible luck as a result of fiendishness and evil but since of some hamartia of a sort found in men of high notoriety and favorable luck, for example, Oedipus and Thyestes and well known men of comparative families. † Adade-Yeboah, et al (2012). The following piece of a sad hero’s job is that of acknowledgment or revelation. This part incorporates the disclosure of some earlier obscure truth or component to expose the genuine personality of the primary character. The disclosure might be because of the activities of the primary character or due to those of a minor character. They may as of now be known by the peruser or the crowd, in this way settling on a portion of the decisions the character makes horrendously uninformed. As a rule, when the disclosure has been made, it prompts an inversion. An inversion is essentially an activity that has the contrary impact from the one proposed. This inversion might be expected to a limited extent to the lamentable or deadly imperfection of the hero. Kennedy (pages 856-858) Finally, there is the dread and pity that is stirred in the crowd and/or peruser. Despite the fact that most may feel like the principle character merited the final products, there is as yet a feeling of pity or distress that they should endure and hurt to such an extent. Since we have taken a gander at the regular prerequisites for a heartbreaking legend, we will take a gander at King Oedipus as the lamentable saint. Lord Oedipus was adored by the individuals of Thebes. They considered him to be shrewd and came to him to look for help and guidance when their city was languishing. He has liberated them from the oppression of the Sphinx and they were always appreciative. He even perceived his own significance by alluding to himself as the person who was called extraordinary by all men and calling the individuals of the city kids. Oedipus (Prologue, Line 8) Through birth and selection both, Oedipus was an aristocrat. He has been forgotten about in the wild by his other because of a prescience that his dad would bite the dust by the son’s hand. He was then received by King Polybus of Corinth. Along these lines, he satisfied the principal prerequisite of the lamentable legend †being of honorable birth or imperial bloodlines. The following part of an unfortunate legend is unified with a deadly or terrible imperfection. Oedipus needed to look for reality with respect to the homicide of King Laius, accepting that reality would cleanse the city of the shocking condemnation that it was under. We consider the to be as one of high good uprightness, however subject to the ordinary frailties of the person (Adade-Yeboah, et al (2012). He is depicted as being fairly irascible and frequently impulsive because of his craving to make the best choice. This maybe is his terrible imperfection †in his energy to locate the killed, he offers rash expressions about avoiding the individual blameworthy of the homicide, paying little heed to his remaining in the public arena (Oedipus). This carries us to the following part of the shocking legend †the disclosure. Through looking for the guidance of a prophet, it is uncovered to King Oedipus that he is the killer â€Å"You are the killed of the ruler whose killer you look for. Oedipus Initially, the ruler believes this is the situation, however as he analyzes the proof, it turns out to be evident that he is the liable one. This disclosure prompts the inversion in the king’s life. In one second, he understands that his better half is his mom, that his youngsters are his siblings and sisters and that everything is lost for him. At that point enter feel sorry for the lord. In addition to the fact that Oedipus finds out that he is received, he likewise found that he slaughtered his dad, and had hitched his mom. He was genuinely troubled for the disgrace and anguish that the individuals of his city would languish â€Å"I lament over you, my youngsters. Trust me, I realize all that you want of me, all that you endure; and keeping in mind that you endure, none endures more than I. † Oedipus We have significantly more sympathy for him when his better half and mother hangs herself and he puts his own eyes out â€Å"He was called my lord, yet now whose story is increasingly hopeless? † Oedipus As Oedipus loses his seat, his musings are of everyone around him who he has harmed †the individuals of Thebes and his kids (who are likewise his siblings and sisters). He leaves them under the watchful eye of their uncle Creon. Prior to leaving them, he reveals to them how sorry he is â€Å"For the despondency that must be yours: And for the unpleasant life that you should lead. † all in all, Oedipus has the entirety of the measures for a deplorable legend. He is an aristocrat, through decisions and activities encountered a tumble from enormity and his seat and stirred the pity of the peruser and crowd. Aristotle talks about a lamentable hero’s Harmatia or his disastrous imperfection being not one of good roots, yet rather one that is shown through the decisions and activities of the character. It is very obvious that had Oedipus not murdered his dad, at that point different occasions of wedding his mom, fathering his siblings and sisters, losing his site and his seat would not have occurred. In spite of the fact that there is disaster all through this dramatization, one must acclaim the nobleness and fortitude that Oedipus showed by tolerating duty regarding his activities and tolerating indistinguishable outcomes from he had recently considered expected to cleanse the place where there is the revile. Because of the fall of the ruler, the crowd and peruser is left with a sentiment of diminish (purification) that the lord gets what he merits for killing his dad. In spite of the fact that there is feel sorry for all the anguish he needs to suffer, there is a feeling of fitting retribution that in light of the fact that the â€Å"hero† was of respectable birth, he was not saved discipline. References Adade-Yeboah, A. , Ahenkora, K. , and Amankwah, A. S. (2012). The unfortunate legend of the old style time frame. English Language and Literature Studies, 2(3), 10-17. Recovered from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1045567248? accountid=12085 Engle, Eric (2008). Aristotle, Law and Justice: The Tragic Hero, Page 1. Kennedy, X. J. , and Gioia, D. (2010). Basic Casebook †Sophocles. Writing An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing (pp. 856-858). New York: Pearson.

Sample of Essay Requesting Foe Graduate Assistanceship

Sample of Essay Requesting Foe Graduate AssistanceshipWriting a sample of essay requesting Foe Graduate Assistanceship is not an easy task. It takes one a great deal of time to draft a persuasive essay. A good deal of writing can also be done at the same time as working on the other jobs.Students should learn the different types of passages from which they can derive samples. These samples must prove fruitful for the student while he is in the process of getting the job. There are many techniques that are involved in this type of essay.The first sample is the introduction. The introduction is considered to be the most important part of the essay. It is also one of the most difficult parts of the whole essay. A poor introduction can prove to be fatal to the job.Students have to maintain a high standard when writing the introduction. They should carefully use this space to make the introduction unique and precise. It must clearly spell out the goal of the essay. The entire introduction should be structured so that it clearly spells out the problem and the desired results of the same. This essay sample is considered to be an essential part of the job interview.The second sample of essay requesting Foe Graduate Assistanceship is the conclusion. The conclusion can be quite a lengthy portion of the entire essay. It is the time for the student to display his/her ability and potential.The composition of the conclusion is very important and must be able to express the sentiments of the writer. The opening and closing sections should be well organized. Also, the conclusion must be in accordance with the overall theme of the essay. Students should keepa number of samples of essays of the same theme.Students should write a comparison. This is a part of the same topic where they compare two things. The comparison must be clear and appropriate.Students should also try to write a conclusion by which they leave the position. There must be a sense of gratitude towards the colle ge. This is not a good sample of essay requesting Foe Graduate Assistanceship, but is a technique which is often used in Foe Assistanceship applications.

The Dark Knight Movie Review

The movie â€Å"Dark Knight† is a grandiose, strange and dark piece of work of Hollywood. Although the film is overhyped and lasts too long, it is still highly entertaining and must be seen exclusively on the vast Imax screen! When watching the very first shot of the dizzying skyscrapers and minuscule streets, I wasn’t breathing for a couple of seconds getting ready to dive into a new illusory world. The movie â€Å"Dark Knight† is the continuation of the Batman story created by the British director Christopher Nolan. The film plot takes the story up to his confrontation with well known Joker, who is brilliantly played by Heath Ledger. His whiteface make-up makes him look like a sad Pagliaccio of crime. Anyone who wishes to compare him with Jack Nicholson should think twice though their Jokers are of absolutely different nature: Jack Nicholson plays Joker from comics, Heath Ledger, however, was able to show us this genius of crime and chaos as he would look like if he somehow got to exist in our reality. One should mention that Ledger is highly talented at all his kinks, tics, quirks and twitches! The caped crusader is again played by famous Christian Bale, who’s clanking around in his Batmobile so military and macho-looking!  As the action begins, the audience realizes that in Gotham city Batman is still a highly important figure. People in the city still approach this vigilante because â€Å"he is the Batman†. And here’s one more reason to refer to the hero – a new crime fighter is in the city! Played by Aaron Eckhart, a handsome attorney Harvey Dent truly believes that the rule of the law must be upheld by a democratically accountable individual, not some unknown figure of the night. Besides that, Harvey starts dating Batman’s beloved one – Rachel Dawes (Maggie Gyllenhaal). To my mind, the most bizarre moment in the film comes when the Joker abducts some unfortunate from the Gotham psychiatric hospital in order to â€Å"impersonate† the first love of Batman. This is what I call the joke of sophistication, hatred and lack of taste! Actually, everything that is going on in the movie is of a mental nature. It’s not that there is no action in the â€Å"Dark Knight†, but even when the main hero is racing through the Gotham streets in his incredible gadgets, it is still the psychology of what is happening pushes the whole movie plot. Due to that, all the problems that the director faced with when working on the â€Å"Batman Begins† are absent in the â€Å"Dark Knight†. There are no complicated and extended fight scenes in the film for the reason that it simply does not need them. What really makes the â€Å"Dark Knight† action so arresting is the solid force of will that stands behind it as well as the philosophical fight that is driving it. Without a doubt, you will be on the edge of the seat every moment in the process – be it a simple conversation at the office of Bruce Wayne or a scene in a Hong Kong skyscraper. Nothing is wasted in the Nolan’s work! There’s not a second or a minute in the â€Å"Dark Knight† movie that does not fit into a deeper, bigger and broader picture. That fits everything, along the way the famous director has filmed it. With all this in mind, I am free to state that the â€Å"Dark Knight† movie deserved nothing less than good old Imax. Without a doubt, the massive box-office success of the â€Å"Dark Knight† movie has provided its director Christopher Nolan with the required means to create his own cheque. I really hope that Nolan will make use of this chance to cultivate works that are more maneuverable than that retro Batmobile.

Quick Facts About the English Alphabet

Writers spend years rearranging 26 letters of the alphabet, novelist Richard Price once observed. Its enough to make you lose your mind day by day. Its also a good enough reason to gather a few facts about one of the most significant inventions in human history. The Origin of the Word Alphabet The English word alphabet comes to us, by way of Latin, from the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta. These Greek words were in turn derived from the original Semitic names for the symbols: Aleph (ox) and beth (house). Where the English Alphabet Came From The original set of 30 signs, known as the Semitic alphabet, was used in ancient Phoenicia beginning around 1600 BCE. Most scholars believe that this alphabet, which consisted of signs for consonants only, is the ultimate ancestor of virtually all later alphabets. (The one significant exception appears to be Koreas han-gul script, created in the 15th century.) Around 1,000 BCE, the Greeks adopted a shorter version of the Semitic alphabet, reassigning certain symbols to represent vowel sounds, and eventually, the Romans developed their own version of the Greek (or Ionic) alphabet. Its generally accepted that the Roman alphabet reached England by way of the Irish sometime during the early period of Old English (5 c.- 12 c.). Over the past millennium, the English alphabet has lost a few special letters and drawn fresh distinctions between others. But otherwise, our modern English alphabet remains quite similar to the version of the Roman alphabet that we inherited from the Irish. The Number of Languages That Use the Roman Alphabet About 100 languages rely on the Roman alphabet. Used by roughly two billion people, its the worlds most popular script. As David Sacks notes in Letter Perfect (2004), There are variations of the Roman alphabet: For example, English employs 26 letters; Finnish, 21; Croatian, 30. But at the core are the 23 letters of ancient Rome. (The Romans lacked J, V, and W.) How Many Sounds There Are in English There are more than 40 distinct sounds (or phonemes) in English. Because we have just 26 letters to represent those sounds, most letters stand for more than one sound. The consonant c, for example, is pronounced differently in the three words cook, city, and (combined with h) chop. What Are​ Majuscules and Minuscules Majuscules (from Latin majusculus, rather large) are capital letters. Minuscules (from Latin minusculus, rather small) are lower-case letters. The combination of majuscules and minuscules in a single system (the so-called dual alphabet) first appeared in a form of writing named after Emperor Charlemagne (742-814), Carolingian minuscule. Pangrams Pangrams are a sentence that contains all 26 letters of the alphabet. The best-known example is The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. A more efficient pangram is Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. Lipograms Lipograms are text that deliberately excludes a particular letter of the alphabet. The best-known example in English is Ernest Vincent Wrights novel Gadsby: Champion of Youth (1939) — a story of more than 50,000 words in which the letter e never appears. Zee Versus Zed The older pronunciation of zed was inherited from Old French. The American zee, a dialect form heard in England during the 17th century (perhaps by analogy with bee, dee, etc.), was approved by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). The letter z, by the way, has not always been relegated to the end of the alphabet. In the Greek alphabet, it came in at a quite respectable number seven. According to Tom McArthur in The Oxford Companion to the English Language (1992), The Romans adopted Z later than the rest of the alphabet, since /z/ was not a native Latin sound, adding it at the end of their list of letters and using it rarely. The Irish and English simply imitated the Roman convention of placing z last.

On The Shortness Of Life And Rene Descartes Analysis

Philosophy, although a very complex subject, can quite simply be construed as a quest to gain wisdom and the truth through profound analysis. In an attempt to gain this wisdom and insight, numerous philosophers have taken contrasting approaches that have led them to different conclusions about what is true. Seneca, the author of On the Shortness of Life, and Rene Descartes, the author of A Discourse on the Method, are two philosophers who have sought wisdom and shared the methods they believe to be successful in achieving an exceptional way of living. In his approach, Seneca discusses the concept of time, and how to use it efficiently in order to ensure that you lead a long and fulfilling life. On the other hand, Descartes explains the†¦show more content†¦One of the points Seneca makes is that people are too preoccupied with gaining things that they do not have or devoting their lives to someone else, whether it be by pursuing other people’s money or envying their su periors (2). In a way, Descartes alludes to this fact by speaking of the reason that he abandoned his education. Once Descartes realized that he could reasonably doubt everything that he had been taught, he wanted to clear his mind of the beliefs and opinions of others, and create a method that could lead him in the right path. He expands on this thought when he states, â€Å"it is almost impossible that our judgments are as pure or as solid as they might have been if we had full use of our reason from the moment of our birth, and had been guided by that alone† (13). If people were not influenced by the judgments of others, they would have a much better ability to reason clearly and precisely, therefore allowing them to live a fuller life. Since Seneca does not provide people with a way to not be preoccupied with the lives of other people, Descartes method of wiping his thoughts of the judgments of others can be added to Seneca’s position on being preoccupied with oth ers in order to gain better wisdom. In addition, Seneca brings forth the point that the present is short, the future is doubtful, and the past is certain (15). For this reason, he does not think that people should live in fear of the next day, or base their lives off of the hope thatShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The Mind Body Problem2474 Words   |  10 Pagesphysical and mental realm? The mind/body problem has been debated for centuries. Am I a person that acts because of the mental processes of my brain, or are the processes in my brain just that? The mind/body problem continues to be important in everyday life because of many types of mind/body connections including how our bodies respond to various situations such as stress, nervousness, or anxiety. When considering myself as a human being am I simply a physical object or is there a deeper meaning to my

Auditing The Default Customers

Question: Describe about the Auditing for The Default Customers. Answer: A. Identification of F/S level risk: OVS used to charge an amount for as late return fees. However, this practice led to decreasing the number of customers, as they are reluctant to return on time. Next, OVS eliminated this fee and started the rule of considering the movie as sold if not returned after 30 days. The customer will be charged $25, when they will come to purchase new DVD. There is a chance that the customer will not come again to purchase and company will loose the amount. The company should charge an amount at the time of renting the DVD, so that they will not be at loss, if the DVD is not returned. They should maintain proper records for each customers both in manual renting and on line sell or renting (Bekaert, Hoerova Duca, 2013). B. Audit Approach: OVS should be asked to maintain proper records about the customers when renting DVDs. It will help them to find out easily the default customers and the due date to return. Customers name, phone numbers and address should also be recorded in register so that in case of default they can be contacted through phone call or given address. When selling through online, apart from on line records, they should maintain a manual record of customers so that in case of any hack or virus attack, company can track the customers with their manual records (Mohseni, 2014). C. Materiality: The materiality concept states that some substances, whether individually or with any other substance are material for true and fair presentation of financial statements in consistence with generally accepted accounting principles. Auditor must verify the changes they have made and OVSs expansion during 2005 into renting the DVDs through internet. Auditor should also verify their earning and records regarding their newly started programme Movies by Mail (Brooks Guo, 2015). D. Identification of account specific risk: OVSs newly started programme Movies by mail is excellent but they were facing difficulties to run the programme smoothly. They use Moonwatcher web designer (MWD) to make the sales and receipt of money from customers. However, in past they faced crashes of website many times and the only advice from MWD was to reboot the system. There is high risk involved regarding the permanent crash of the server and OVS can lose their money through this experience. Therefore, they should maintain manual records regarding the customers and their phone number, name ant amount of money due from them. E. Procedures to test risks: To test the risks, following procedure should be followed: Fix a meeting with OVS and discuss with them about the primary risk detected Ask them to provide the records related to the detected risks To measure the materiality of the detected risks To suggest them the ideas to reduce the risks or remove the risks, wherever possible (Chen, 2016). F. Control issues with new IT systems: Their new IT system, that is, Moonwatcher Web Designer (MWD) is having problem of crashing their system frequently. Other than the advice of rebooting the system, they could not provide any alternative solution to the problem. OVS can fix a meeting with to solve this issue and if they are not able to resolve the issue, they can search for alternative service provider. References: Bekaert, G., Hoerova, M., Duca, M. L. (2013). Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy.Journal of Monetary Economics,60(7), 771-788. Brooks, L. L. Z., Guo, P. (2015). Audit Firm Tenure, Audit Materiality, and Last-Minute Earnings Management.Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting,7(1). Chen, L. H., Chung, H. S. H., Peters, G. F., Wynn, J. P. (2016). Does incentive-based compensation for chief internal auditors impact objectivity? An external audit risk perspective.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Mohseni, A. (2014). Audit Approach to Audit Risk Management, Quantitative Determination of the Components of Audit Risk and Determine the Impact on the Components of Audit Risk in Audit Sampling.Quantitative Determination of the Components of Audit Risk and Determine the Impact on the Components of Audit Risk in Audit Sampling (May 22, 2014).

Hackers Essays (819 words) - Hacker, Hacking,

Hackers Computer Hacking Explosive growth in the computer industry over the last decade has made new technologies cheaper and simpler for the average person to own. As result, computers play an intricate part in our daily lives. The areas in which computers affect life are infinite, ranging from entertainment to finances. If anything were to happen to these precious devices, the world would be chaotic. Computer hacking is a dangerous crime that could total chaos for the entire world. Some hackers act on revenge or just impersonal mischievousness. But whatever their motives, their deeds can be destructive to a person's computer. An attack by a hacker not only affects the victim, but others as well. One case involving a notorious hacker named Kevin Mitnick did just that. Mitnick is a very intelligent man. He is 31 and pending trial for computer fraud. When he was a teenager, he used his knowledge of computers to break into the North American Defense Command computer. Had he not been stopped, he could have caused some real national defense problems for the United States (Sussman 66). Other small time hackers affect people just as much by stealing or giving away copyrighted software, which causes the prices of software to increase, thus increasing the price the public must pay for the programs. Companies reason that if they have a program that can be copied onto a disc then they will lose a certain amount of their profit. People will copy it and give to friends or pass it around on the Internet. To compensate, they will raise the price of disc programs. CD Rom programs cost more to make but are about the same price as disc games. Companies don't loose money on them because it is difficult to copy a CD Rom and impossible to transmit over the Internet (Facts on File #28599 1). Hackers have hit one company in particular, American On-line, hard. The feud started when a disgruntled ex-employee used his inside experience to help fellow hackers disrupt services offered by AOL (Alan 37). His advice became popular and he spawned a program called AOHell. This program, in turn, created many copycats. They all portray their creators as gangsters, and one of the creator's names is Da Chronic. Many also feature short clips of rap music (Cook 36). These programs make it easy for people with a little hacker knowledge to disrupt AOL. These activities include gaining access to free accounts, gaining access to other people's credit card numbers, and destroying chat rooms. The loopholes for hackers and freeloaders may be closing, however. America On-line is reluctant to discuss specifics of its counterattack for fear of giving miscreants warning. However, many software trading rooms are being shut down almost as soon as they are formed. Others are often visited by 'narks' posing as traders. New accounts started with phony credit cards are being cut off more promptly, and other card-verification schemes are in place. AOL has now developed the ability to resurrect a screen name that had been deleted by the hackers, and is rumored to have call-tracing technologies in t he works (Alan 37). Hacking is not just a problem in America. All across the world hackers plague anyone they can, and they're getting better at it. In Europe they're known as Phreakers (technologically sophisticated young computer hackers). These self-proclaimed Phreakers have made their presence felt all the way up the political ladder. They managed to steal personal expense accounts of the European Commission President Jacques. They revealed some embarrassing overspending. They said it was done to protect the public from wasting their tax money. The European judicial system sentenced them to six months in prison (PC Weekly 12). This punishment might seem harsh, but not to Bill Clinton. He has appointed a task force to try to enforce laws on the Internet. The new laws would try to strengthen copyright laws by monitoring information being transferred and if a violation occurred, a $5,000 fine would be implemented (Facts On File #28599 1). Clinton thinks this will protect businesses as well as consumers by keeping copyrighted material at a reasonable price. The only exception would be that libraries would have the right to copy for purposes of preservation (Phelps

Famous Medieval and Renaissance Couples

Famous Medieval and Renaissance Couples Throughout history, men and women have joined together in partnerships both romantic and practical. Kings and their queens, writers and their muses, warriors and their lady-loves have at times had an impact on their world and on future events. The same could be said for some fictional couples, whose often-tragic romances have served to inspire both literature and true-life romantic adventures. These passionate, political, and poetic couples from the Medieval and Renaissance ages will go down in history. Abelard and Heloise Real life scholars of 12th-century Paris, Peter Abelard and his student, Heloise, had a torrid affair. Their story can be read in A Medieval Love Story. Arthur and Guinevere The legendary King Arthur and his queen are at the center of a huge corpus of medieval and post-medieval literature. In most stories, Guinevere had a real affection for her older husband, but her heart belonged to Lancelot. Boccaccio and Fiammetta Giovanni Boccaccio was an important 14th-century author. His muse was the lovely Fiammetta, whose true identity is undetermined but who appeared in some of his early works. Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor Henry VIII arranged for his sister Mary to wed King Louis XII of France, but she already loved Charles, the 1st Duke of Suffolk. She agreed to wed the much older Louis on condition that she be allowed to choose her next husband herself. When Louis died shortly after the marriage, Mary secretly wed Suffolk before Henry could embroil her in another political marriage. Henry was furious, but he forgave them after Suffolk paid a hefty fine. El Cid and Ximena Rodrigo Dà ­az de Vivar was a notable military leader and the national hero of Spain. He acquired the title el Cid (sir or lord) during his lifetime. He really did marry Ximena (or Jimena), the kings niece, but the exact nature of their relationship is obscured in the mists of time and epic. Clovis and Clotilda Clovis was the founder of the Merovingian dynasty of Frankish kings. His pious wife Clotilda convinced him to convert to Catholicism, which would prove significant in the future development of France. Dante and Beatrice Dante Alighieri is often considered the finest poet of the Middle Ages. His devotion in his poetry to Beatrice made her one of the most celebrated figures in western literature. Still, he never acted on his love, and may never even have told her personally how he felt. Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville Handsome  Edward was attractive and popular with the ladies, and he surprised quite a few people when he married the widowed mother of two boys. Edwards bestowal of court favors on Elizabeths relatives disrupted his court. Erec and Enide The poem Erec et Enide  is the earliest extant Arthurian romance by 12th-century poet Chrà ©tien de Troyes. In it, Erec wins a tournament to defend the assertion that his lady is the most beautiful. Later, the two go on a quest to prove to each other their noble qualities. Etienne de Castel and Christine de Pizan The time Christine had with her husband was a mere ten years. His death left her in financial straits, and she turned to writing to support herself. Her works included love ballads dedicated to the late Etienne. Ferdinand and Isabella The Catholic Monarchs of Spain united Castile and Aragon when they married. Together, they overcame civil war, completed the Reconquista by defeating the last Moorish holdout of Granada, and sponsored the voyages of Columbus. They also expelled the Jews and began the Spanish Inquisition. Gareth and Lynette In the Arthurian tale of Gareth and Lynette, first told by Malory, Gareth proves himself to be chivalrous, even though Lynette heaps scorn upon him. Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell The story of the loathly lady is told in many versions. The most famous involves Gawain, one of Arthurs greatest knights, whom the ugly Dame Ragnell chooses for her husband, and is told in The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle. Geoffrey and Philippa Chaucer He is considered the quintessential medieval English poet. She was his devoted wife for more than twenty years. While they were wed  Geoffrey Chaucer  led a busy, successful life in service to the king. After her death, he endured a solitary existence and wrote his most notable works, including  Troilus and Criseyde  and  The  Canterbury Tales. Henry  Plantagenet  and Eleanor of Aquitaine At the age of 30, the bold, beautiful  Eleanor of Aquitaine  was divorced from her husband, the meek and mild King Louis VII of France, and married the brash young 18-year-old  Henry  Plantagenet,  future  king of England. The two would have a tempestuous marriage, but Eleanor bore Henry eight children- two of whom became kings. Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York After his defeat of Richard III,  Henry Tudor  became king, and he sealed the deal by marrying the daughter of an undisputed king of England (Edward IV). But was Elizabeth really happy married to the Lancastrian enemy of her Yorkist family? Well, she gave him seven children, including the future king Henry VIII. Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn After decades of marriage to Catherine of Aragon, which produced a daughter but no sons,  Henry VIII  threw tradition to the wind in pursuit of the captivating Anne Boleyn. His actions would ultimately result in a split with the Catholic Church. Sadly, Anne also failed to give Henry an heir, and when he tired of her, she lost her head. John of England and Isabella When  John  married  Isabella of Angoulà ªme, it caused some problems, not least because she was engaged to someone else. John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford The third son of  Edward III,  John  married and outlived two women who brought him titles and land, but his heart belonged to Katherine Swynford. Though their relationship was at times rocky, Katherine bore John four children out of wedlock. When  John, at last, married Katherine, the children were legitimized, but they and their descendants were officially barred from the throne. This would not stop  Henry VII, a descendant of John and Katherine, from becoming king a century later. Justinian and Theodora Considered by some scholars to be the greatest emperor of medieval Byzantium,  Justinian  was a great man with an even greater woman behind him. With  Theodoras support, he reclaimed significant portions of the western empire, reformed Roman law and rebuilt Constantinople. After her death, he achieved little. Lancelot and Guinevere When political necessity joins a young woman to a king, should she ignore the dictates of her heart?  Guinevere  didnt, and her passionate affair with  Arthurs greatest knight  would lead to the downfall of Camelot. Louis IX and Margaret Louis  was a saint. But he was also a mamas boy. He was only 12 when his father died, and his mother Blanche served as regent for him. She also chose his wife. Yet Louis was devoted to his bride Margaret, and together they had 11 children, while Blanche grew jealous of her daughter-in-law and died with her nose out of joint. Merlin and Nimue Arthurs most trusted advisor may have been a wizard, but  Merlin  was also a man, susceptible to the charms of women. Nimue (or sometimes Vivien,  Nineve,  or Niniane) was so charming she was able to  ensorcell  Merlin and trap him in a cave (or sometimes tree), where he was unable to help Arthur in his time of darkest trouble. Petrarch and Laura Like Dante and Boccaccio,  Francesco Petrarca, the  founder of  Renaissance Humanism,  had his muse: the lovely Laura. The poems he dedicated to her inspired poets of succeeding generations, most notably Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser. Philip of Spain and Bloody Mary Poor Mary, the Catholic queen of England, loved her husband madly. But  Philip  couldnt stand the sight of her. To make matters worse, the largely Protestant population of her country simply would not convert back to Catholicism, and they resented the presence of a Catholic foreigner in Marys household. Heartsick and stressed, Mary had several hysterical pregnancies and died at the age of 42. Raphael Sanzio and Margherita Luti The charming, suave, amiable  Raphael  was so popular he became known as the prince of painters. He was very publicly engaged to Maria Bibbiena, the niece of a powerful cardinal, but scholars believe he may have  secretly married  Margherita Luti, the daughter of a Sienese baker. If word of this marriage got out, it would have severely damaged his reputation; but Raphael was just the type of man to throw caution to the wind and follow his heart. Richard I and Berengaria Was  Richard the Lionheart  gay? Some scholars believe it to be the reason he and  Berengaria  never had children. But then, their relationship was so strained Richard was ordered by the pope to patch things up. Robert Guiscard and Sichelgaita Sichelgaita (or Sikelgaita) was a Lombard princess who married  Guiscard, a Norman warlord, and proceeded to accompany him on many campaigns.  Anna Comnena  wrote of Sichelgaita: When dressed in full armor, the woman was a fearsome sight. When Robert died during the siege of Cephalonia, Sichelgaita was right by his side. Robin Hood and Maid Marian The legends of  Robin Hood  may have been based on the activities of real-life outlaws of the 12th century, though if so, scholars have no definitive proof of who precisely served as their inspiration. Marian stories were a later addition to the corpus. Tristan and Isolde The story of  Tristan and Isolde  was incorporated into Arthurian tales, but its origins are a Celtic legend that may be based on an actual Pictish king. Troilus and Criseyde The character of Troilus is a Trojan prince who falls in love with a Greek captive. In Geoffrey Chaucers poem she is Criseyde (in William Shakespeares play she is Cressida), and though she declares her love for Troilus, when she is ransomed by her people she goes to live with a big Greek hero. Uther and Igraine Arthurs father  Uther  was king, and he coveted the wife of the Duke of Cornwall, Igraine. So Merlin cast a spell on Uther to make him look like Cornwall, and while the real duke was out fighting, he slipped in to have his way with the virtuous lady. The result? Cornwall died in battle, and Arthur was born nine months later. William of Normandy and Matilda Before he seriously took aim at the crown of England,  William the Conqueror  set his sights on Matilda, daughter of Baldwin V of Flanders. Though he was distantly related to her and the pope condemned the marriage as incestuous, the pair went through with the wedding. Was it all for love of the lady? Perhaps, but his alliance with Baldwin was critical in cementing his position as Duke of Normandy. Still, he and Matilda had ten children, and to patch things up with the pope, they built two monasteries at Caen.

The Systems & Language Skills of English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Systems & Language Skills of English - Essay Example So, knowledge of certain words together with major word-building principles of the language can help a student to enrich one’s vocabulary with the help of word-building skills. Grammar involves the rules of combining worlds into phrases and sentences. Its knowledge is an essential part of education since it helps forming grammatically correct and meaningful sentences. At the same time grammar is very interrelated with, and even cannot be used meaningfully without, some knowledge of the function system of English. Function defines the purpose of a word combination, a phrase or a sentence, and outlines its direct meaning. It is very related to grammar because, for example, ‘I have read’ and ‘I read’ are different not only grammatically (different tense forms), but functionally as well – the first phrase expresses a completed action, while the second shows that the action was being performed, but has not necessarily been completed. That is the functional difference. Phonology refers to the sounds and pronunciation of the language. It helps to differentiate spoken and heard words. It is an essential part of learning the language since it is one of the main tools for developing students’ language skills. Though we have identified the four separate systems of the language, it cannot be said that any of them can function or be taught independently. On the contrary, in order to teach students the major macro skills in English, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking, all the four language systems should be applied. The four major language skills are divided into productive and receptive ones. Productive skills are those that involve individual’s direct and active participation. They are speaking and writing, that is communicating information in a written or oral form. Receptive skills are listening and reading. However, the receptive skills are

Violence Towards Mental Health Workers Research Paper

Violence Towards Mental Health Workers - Research Paper Example This paper underlines the need of identification of effective approaches to worker assault in the clinical workplace, particularly the necessary responses, programs and interventions that can reduce or prevent both patient violence and its adverse effects on mental health workers. Violence towards staff members who work as mental health professionals has received considerable attention over the years. Assaults against mental health workers caused by their psychiatric patients are a great concern as its outcomes have adverse outcomes on the victim. While some professionals assert that violence is inherent in their occupation as mental health workers and that they possess the skill and knowledge necessary to cope with such violence. In spite of such beliefs, mental health workers may suffer a number of physical and psychological effects brought about by their violent patients. As the current study aims to examine the causes and effects of patient- and workplace-related factors on viole nce that is evident in the workplace, it will employ a quantitative approach to research with which surveys will be used in obtaining primary data. The main goal of the study is to examine how certain aspects related to the patient and to the environment can influence violent behavior in the workplace, particularly in psychiatric wards or hospitals where patients can demonstrate violence towards mental health care workers. Surveys will be administered to the health care professionals and their patients.... What are the effects of age, gender, and static and dynamic risk factors on the violent behavior of patients towards health care professionals in mental health care settings? 2. What are the physical and psychological effects of violence caused by mental health patients on health care professionals in the workplace? 3. What are the strategies used in effectively managing violent situations and avoiding similar occurrences in the future? Project Rationale As the current study aims to examine the causes and effects of patient- and workplace-related factors on violence that is evident in the workplace, it will employ a quantitative approach to research with which surveys will be used in obtaining primary data. The main goal of the study is to examine how certain aspects related to the patient and to the environment can influence violent behavior in the workplace, particularly in psychiatric wards or hospitals where patients can demonstrate violence towards mental health care workers. Su rveys will be administered to both the health care professionals and their patients. The collection of secondary data will help provide a clear foundation that will enable the researcher to gain a comprehensive view of the content and other related factors to be examined. Moreover, as primary data will be collected through surveys, these will be interpreted through statistical analysis that may further increase the reliability of the findings. Through these, suitable conclusions and recommendations can be established. Significance of the Study In numerous high-risk areas, including inpatient psychiatric units and emergency departments, it is highly expected for violent behavior to be demonstrated by patients. Mostly, direct caregivers experience the assaults, although all

Septic Shock: Causes and Effects

Septic Shock: Causes and Effects Bacteria are microscopic single celled organisms known to reside in a large proportion of the body as natural flora. They help in normal processes such as digestion and production of nutrients. However if taken out of their natural environment they can become pathogenic and in some cases fatal. These organisms are divided into two main groups namely gram positive and gram negative bacteria (this essay places its emphasis on gram negative bacteria). They can be differentiated into these groups according to their cell wall structure and their ability to retain two stains; safranin in the case of gram negatives and crystal violet in the case of gram positives. This ability lies in the bacterial cell wall (http://micro.digitalproteus.com). Septic shock is the most common killer in intensive care units and gram negative bacteria are the main known cause of this condition (Engel, C. et al, 2007). Innate immunity also known as non-specific immunity is the first line defensive response against such an infection and the most basic resistance responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign organisms. In order to do this wholly, it has a number of characteristics which help it summon cells and use different mechanisms. Just as its name suggests, cells and mechanisms of the non-specific immune system act on pathogens in a generic way. Furthermore this branch of the immune system is unable to produce long-lasting immunity against these threats. In the case of gram negative bacterial infection, the innate immune system is activated by certain motifs found on bacteria. Once discovered it calls upon certain molecules which are able to detect and deal with these pathogens appropriately (www.pathmicro.med.sc.edu). As well as fighting foreign pathogens, the innate immune system regulates inflammatory and immune responses tightly in order to prevent overpowering inflammat ion and or overgrowth of invading pathogens (Norton, J. A. et al, 2008). Gram negative bacteria possess specific components in their cell walls that strengthen their capabilities as pathogens. The main components of their cell wall include a variable capsule, a complex lipopolysaccharide layer, a rigid membrane mucopeptide layer and a cytoplasmic membrane. During infection the most important of these constituents is the lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS) also known as the endotoxin layer; so called because its lipid fraction has the ability to act as a toxin (Engel, C. et al, 2007). This conserved bacterial motif consists of a basal portion called lipid A. Lipid A is a glucosamine-based phospholipid, it is linked by keto-deoxyoctonate to the core lipopolysaccharide. It is in fact this component of LPS that is known as the endotoxin because it is this constituent of gram negative bacteria that causes such immense consequences to the immune system. Lipid A remains the most toxic moiety of gram negative toxins produced. This constituent of LPS makes up the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of most gram-negative bacteria. The core of LPS comprises of N-acetyl glucosamine, glucose, galactose and heptose fractions (Raetz, C. R. H., 1990). Finally the terminal segment encompasses repeating oligosaccharide units known to be the cause for O-antigenetic specificity. Unlike lipid A, it was found that the O-antigen does not bring about an inflammatory response; instead it hinders the detection of lipid A (Nishitani C, 2005) which can be very dangerous, as recognition of lipid A is of great importance to the recognition of such an infection. One bacterium is known to contain approximately 2 x 106 lipid A molecules (Fig.1) and about one-quarter of the fatty acyl chains of the bacterial envelope are connected with LPS (Raetz, C. R. H., 1990). The events leading to the activation of macrophages which in turn leads to the production and release of cytokines is thus very important in the understanding of how things work. As demonstrated by Galanos et al using chemically synthesized material, it can be seen that lipid A brings about most of the effects of endotoxins on these cells (Galanos, C. et al, 1985). The fact that lipid A has such a high potency (Raetz, C. R. H., 1990), coupled with the existence of unresponsive mutants as shown by Sibley et al (Sibley, C. H. et al., 1988), and the detection of an antagonist of endotoxin bioactivity (Takayama, K.. et al, 1989) suggested that a receptor (or receptors) for lipid A exists. During infection with this type of bacteria, LPS is the main activator of the innate immune response. If this toxin finds its way into the blood stream, a series of events can cause host toxicity which can lead to a condition known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) and in some serious cases gram-negative septic shock syndrome a serious condition characterized by a series of clinical conditions caused by the presence of infection which leads to a successive widespread inflammatory response and results in physiologic alterations that occur at the capillary endothelial level. The infected suffers from a sharp rise in temperature, respiration, heart rate and a sudden fall in blood pressure. A combination of these symptoms can be very severe and in some cases fatal (R.L. Paterson and N.R. Webster, 2000). Sepsis has a similar reaction to infection; however instead of the reaction being contained in one place, its effects are on a systemic level, the consequence being wide spread endothelial dysfunction. Stage one in the development of septic shock is the presence of bacteria in the blood a condition known as bacteremia. The bacterial cells become autolysed, their outer membrane fall apart releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Baumgarten, G., et al., 2006). As mentioned before, during gram negative bacterial infection, the provocative cause is the interaction of the host immune cells with the endotoxin LPS. In this process, LPS binds to a serum protein known as LPS binding protein (LBP) forming an LBP-LPS complex. This complex then binds unto receptors on the macrophages and causes regulatory proteins [Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFkB)] to be activated. This complex is then assembled by the CDreceptors unto the surface of the cell, and finally the signal is translated into the cells by the TLR receptors. This response brings about the production of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines namely; tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukins 1, 6 and 12 and Interferon gamma (IFN gamma), casing a direct effect on organ function and an indirect one through the use of secondary mediators (Bosshart, H. and M. Heinzelmann, 2007). Examples of secondary mediators called upon include, complement and platelet-activating factor. Overproduction of these pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to the production of tissue-factor causing the deposi tion of fibrin which can in turn cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (Bosshart, H. and M. Heinzelmann, 2007). A major advance in our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of septic shock is the recognition that CD14 is a receptor for LPS. Its accessory molecules and how they can come together to give a tragic result are also important in recognizing how it works. The most important component to take heed of during an infection with gram negative bacteria is CD14. CD14 is the part of the LPS receptor complex which binds ligands, it is made up of two parts namely Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the extracellular protein myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2), (Miyake K, 2004). This receptor is a membrane bound glycosyl phosphatidylinositol surface-anchored molecule and a pattern recognition receptor expressed by myeloid cells primarily monocytes and macrophages. It is a critical part of the LPS recognition system which is able to interrelate with a variety of bacterial ligands and is able to recognize major fragments of the gram negative bacterial wall primarily lipopolysaccharide It has a two m ajor roles, firstly it instigates an immune response finally has a fundamental role in systemic inflammation bracause it has the ability to recognize lipopolysaccharide and to a lesser extent other bacterial motifs in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria (SD Wright et al, 1990). During infection, the first line of defense is the extraction of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) monomers from the membranes of the bacteria. This is done by the serum protein LPS-binding protein (LBP) an acute-phase protein produced by hepatocytes in the liver as a 50-kDa single polypeptide but released as a larger 60-kDa glycosylated form (Ramadori, G., et al.1990). This protein has a very high affinity for the lipid A moiety in LPS. LPB has two main functions; firstly in the presence of lipopolyscaccharide binding protein, particles containing LPS undergo opsonisation. This process causes leukocytes to be more sensitive to LPS. Secondly, lipopolysaccharide binding protein channels LPS-coated particles to macrophages by binding to the lipid A portion of LPS and then to macrophages (Wright, S. D et al, 1989). LBP acts as a ligand for CD14 by transferring the LPS monomer to a lipid-binding site on CD14 in the membrane of phagocytes. Membrane-bound CD14 does not have an intracellular domain, making it incomplete on its own right. Thus it has to interrelate with other cell receptors before signal transduction takes place (Bosshart, H. and M. Heinzelmann, 2007). When LPS is recognised by CD14 the innate immune system is stimulated by TLR4. TLR4 receptors bind the foreign antigen and internalize it resulting in signal transduction and innate immune cell activation the final result being cytokine production. This couple contribute to a valuable host defense mechanism against intact gram-negative bacteria and is so effective that removal of CD14 has been found to aid an over development of a number of gram-negative pathogens in vivo as shown in knockout mice (SD Wright et al, 1990) CD14 exists in two forms the first being a soluble protein and the second a membrane bound form. Furthermore, two isoforms of the soluble protein have been identified; one form is produced by detaching itself from the cell surface and the other is released before the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor is added to cells (Labeta MO, et al, 1993). Two further molecules come together to form a complex which is able to recognize a variety of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), LPS being one of them. PAMPs are relatively invariant molecular structures that the bacteria have but are not found in the host. These structures are recognized by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs. PRRs are transmembrane receptors which are able to distinguish a variety of PAMPs. In the case of gram negative bacterial infection, PRRs are found on cell-surface receptors of cells. They bind the pathogen and set off a signal causing effector molecules to be released. These receptors are Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital for the regulation of innate immune responses during infection. A number of toll like receptors have been found as well as the PAMPS they are associated with (Takeda K et al, 2003). The most important TLR in gram negative infection is TLR4 involved in the recognition of the PAMP lipopolyssacharide. With the support of accessory molecules, TLR4 specializes in the recognition of LPS. It requires MD-2 (myeloid differentiation-2) to respond efficiently to LPS. Its amino-terminal region which consists of Glu(24)-Pro(34) is critical for MD-2 binding and LPS signaling(4). This transmembrane protein contains an extracellular region made up of a protein pattern called leucine-rich repeats (LRR). LRR forms a complex with MD-2 an extracellular molecule who has a role in surface expression of TLR4 on cells as well as its interaction with LPS. CD14 promotes the binding of LPS to the TLR4–MD-2 complex, which signals to the cell interior. Reseasch has shown that membrane bound TLR4 is the PRR for LPS as it encourages responsiveness of cells to LPS (Nishitani C, 2005). During gram negative infection, the TLR4–MD-2 complex recognizes gram negative bacteria and activates an effector response causing a signaling cascade which in turn causes NF-ÃŽ ºB to be activated. NF-ÃŽ ºB is a transcription factor which activates many cytokine genes, examples of which are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ÃŽ ±) gene, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and chemokines, (molecules which cause migration of leukocytes to the site of infection), these molecules are all known to cause inflammation at the site of infection. NF-ÃŽ ºB is found in the cytosol of cells where it is bound to IÃŽ ºB its inhibitor. Binding of ligands to the receptor causes IÃŽ ºB to be phosphorylation and destroyed. NF-ÃŽ ºB can then move into the nucleus where the genes required are activated. Genes encoding IL-1 and other cytokines are turned on by this effector molecule resulting in inflammation and other cell precesses such as processes such as cell adhesion cell proliferation, and angiogenesis (http: //users.rcn.com/). The TLR4-MD-2 complex plays an important role in suppressing Gram-negative bacterial infection by activating innate immune responses (Engel, C. et al, 2007). Even though TLR4-MD-2 recognizes LPS, not much is known about the physical interaction between LPS and TLR4-MD-2. It is known that CD14 significantly enhances the formation of LPS-TLR4-MD-2 complexes by loading LPS onto TLR4-MD-2 complexes. In the absence of CD14, the TLR4–MD-2 complex can still function with some forms of LPS in the presence of high concentrations of LPS (Nishitani C, 2005). The effect that the presence of endotoxins brings on the immune system is not as important as the effect which overproduction of cytokines has on the host. The latter caused by over reaction of the hosts immune system is what brings about such dire consequences. Prolonged harm to individual organ systems results in mul ­tiple organ failure, transitioning into the final stage known as refractory septic shock. Past experiments have shown that protein C levels are low during sepsis. Protein C plays a vital role in the inhibition of coagulation. Low levels thus suggest that during sepsis protein C is inhibited causing coagulation to take place on a systematic level. The collective consequence of such a cascade is an imbalanced state, where inflammation prevails over anti-inflammation and coagulation prevails over fibrinolysis. The end result being conditions such as ischemia, and high scale tissue destruction; severe sepsis, shock, and multiple organ failure may follow which could eventually lead to death.

Requiring School Uniform :: miscellaneous

Requiring School Uniform If the school considering requiring all students to wear uniform during school, this is not a good idea that all students think. It is because nowadays, teenager want to have their own style and wear whatever they want. They don't want anyone to force them wear the uniform. And they want to give any others students or friends saw their best look, best look can take give other students or friends' attention, they can attract other students by the look or style they wear. So most students will think wear their clothes are better than the school uniform. First, some of the students think wear their clothes are the habit they they do that everyday. So they won't like to wear the uniform. And most the girls like to wear some clothes that can attract other boys to look at them and their friends will said they are so cool. Then the boys will date them and the girls will feel so happy and have another boyfriend. And in the other way, some of the boys always want to wear their clothes and look so cool to attract other girls, so they can have the other girlfriends. That is one reason they students like to wear their clothes and not uniform. Second, some of the uniform in other school was so ugly or outdate. It is because the school teacher or principal don't know what the students like or what style do the students want to wear. Every students have their own style and their won't have the same idea as the other students. So the school cannot make a uniform to content all the students. And the other things is the students will think wear the school uniform was so dumb and stupid, and they think that the people in outside will laugh at them or make fun on them. Third, the students want to be free, they want to have all the freedom. United state is a freedom country, they think they can wear the clothes in their way. It is because uniform maybe is some pressure for the students, they don't want school to force them to wear it. Uniform give the students a uncomfortable feeling, they will feel not comfortable to wear it, and now all teenager like to buy many clothes and wear different everyday. Maybe some students don't want people to know what school they are and if they wear uniform, the other people will know what school they are.

Girl Interrupted Character Analysis Essay

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by intense shifts in mood. This is often accompanied by periods of intense aggression, substance abuse, and self damaging behaviors. People with borderline personality disorder will sometimes attempt suicide impulsively in periods of extreme depression or anger. Often times people with borderline personality disorder feel extremely bored, empty, mistreated and alone. Intense feelings of loneliness usually are followed by frantic efforts to avoid being alone. Suzanne is initially institutionalized for taking a bottle of aspirin with a bottle of vodka. She claims that she was not trying to kill herself, but only get rid of a headache. At the beginning Suzanne claimed that she had no bones in her hand. This fits more with a delusional disorder. Suzanne often exhibits spontaneous damaging behavior that is mainly sexual. Other spontaneous behaviors include breaking out of the hospital, stealing her medical files, and not taking medication. She also aids in drugging a nurse and steals a guitar from the art room to help cheer up another patient. Spontaneous dangerous behavior is one of the major signs of borderline personality disorder. Suzanne has strange ideas about her symptoms and diagnosis, the major example being the bones in her hand disappearing and then reappearing. She often seeks to be alone; shows many social anxieties around people and had a lack of close friends on outside of the hospital. These symptoms go along with schizotypal personality disorder. Contradictions to the possible schizotypal personality disorder would include that she is sometimes the â€Å"life of the party† which falls in line more with borderlines. She also desperately seeks male attention leading to her promiscuous sexual behavior that goes against the seeking of complete isolation often exhibited by others with scizotypal personality disorder. Her social anxieties are not clear in the movie and it is unknown whether they are because of negative feelings about her or whether she has paranoid fears. Despite the schizotypal possibility it is more likely that she has borderline personality disorder. This is because she clearly exhibits the majority of the signs of someone with borderline personality disorder including self destructive behavior, feelings of emptiness, intense shifts in mood lasting only a short period of time, consistent suicide ideation, feelings of â€Å"rejection and not fitting in.† Even the schizotypal symptoms can be explained by borderline personality disorder. People with borderline personality disorder often have odd thinking, quasipsychosis, and unusual perceptions. Although Suzanne showed symptoms of many types of disorders, the Borderline that she was diagnosed with was the most fitting and prevelant in her actions in the movie.

Nathaniel Alexander, Inventor of a Folding Chair

On July 7, 1911, an African-American man named Nathaniel Alexander of Lynchburg, Virginia patented a folding chair. According to his patent, Nathaniel Alexander designed his chair to be used in schools, churches, and other auditoriums. His design included a book rest that was usable for the person sitting in the seat behind and was ideal for church or choir use.​ Fast Facts: Nathaniel Alexander Known For: African-American patent holder for a folding chairBorn: UnknownParents: UnknownDied: UnknownPublished Works: Patent 997,108, filed March 10, 1911, and granted July 4 the same year Little Biographical Data Alexanders invention is found on many lists for black American inventors. However, he has escaped having much biographical information known about him. What can be found confuses him with an early governor of the state of North Carolina, who was not a black American. One says he was born in the early 1800s in North Carolina and died several decades before the date of the patent of the folding chair. Another one, which is written as satire, says he was born the same year as the patent was issued. These seem obviously erroneous. Patent 997108 is the only invention on record for Nathaniel Alexander, but on March 10, 1911, his application was witnessed by two people: James R.L. Diggs and C.A. Lindsay. James R.L. Diggs was a Baptist minister from Baltimore (born in 1865), who was a member of the Niagara Movement, and holder of an MA from Bucknell University and a PhD in Sociology from Illinois Wasleyan in 1906—in fact, Diggs was the first African-American to hold a Sociology Ph.D. in the United States. The Niagara Movement was a black civil rights movement led by W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter, who assembled in Niagara Falls, Ontario (American hotels barred blacks), to discuss Jim Crow laws following the Reconstruction. They met annually between 1905 and 1910: in between 1909 and 1918, Diggs corresponded with DuBois about a possible history of the movement, among other things. There may have only been a passing connection between Alexander and Diggs. Foldable Chairs for Churches and Choirs Alexanders folding chair is not the first folding chair patent in the United States. His innovation was that it included a book rest, making it suitable for use in places where the back of one chair could be used as a desk or shelf by the person seated behind. This would certainly be convenient when setting up rows of chairs for choirs, so they could rest music on the chair ahead of each singer, or for churches where a prayer book, hymnal, or Bible could be placed on the reading shelf during the service. Folding chairs allow the space to be used for other purposes when there is not a class or church service. Today, many congregations meet in spaces that used to be large big box stores, supermarkets, or other large, cavernous rooms, Using folding chairs set up only during services, they are able to quickly turn the space into a church. In the early part of the 20th century, congregations likewise might have met outdoors, in warehouses, barns, or other spaces that didnt have fixed seating or pews. Earlier Folding Chair Patents Folding chairs have been in use for thousands of years in many cultures, including ancient Egypt and Rome. They were even commonly used in churches as liturgical furniture in the Middle Ages. Here are some other patents for folding chairs that were granted prior to that of Nathaniel Alexander: M.S. Beach of Brooklyn, New York patented a folding chair for pews, U.S. Patent No. 18377 on October 13, 1857. However, this design appears to be a drop-down seat such as an airplane jump seat rather than a chair you can fold, stack, and store away.J.P.A.  Spaet, W.F. Berry and J.T. Snoddy of Mount Pleasant, Iowa were granted U.S. Patent No. 383255 on May 22,  1888, for a folding chair designed to look much like a regular chair when in use. It could be folded up to be stored away and save space.C. F. Batt patented a folding chair for steamers on June 4, 1889, U.S. Patent No. 404,589. Batts patent notes that he was seeking improvements on longstanding folding chair designs, especially avoiding having a hinge at the side arms that can pinch your fingers when folding or unfolding the chair. Sources Alexander, Nathaniel. Chair. Patent 997108. 1911.Batt, C.F. Folding Chair. Patent 383255. 1888.Beach, M.S. Char. Patent 18377. 1857.Pipkin, James Jefferson. James R.L. Diggs. The Negro in Revelation, in History and in Citizenship: What the Race has Done and is Doing. St. Louis: N.D. Thompson Publishing Company, 1902Spaet, J.P.A., W. F. Berry and J.T. Snoddy. Folding Chair for Steamers. Patent 404,589. 1889.WEB DuBois Correspondence with J.R.L. Diggs, Special Collections, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Recidivism Is The Act Of A Criminal Reoffending After...

According to four major national research organizations there are several ways of interpreting recidivism. Ultimately recidivism is the act of a criminal reoffending after being released from prison. Over the years there have been several studies conducted in order to define recidivism and interpret it in the United States. The four major national research organizations that conducted the studies consist of The Pew Center on the States, The Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Sentencing Commission, and The National Institute of Justice. All four of these organizations interpret recidivism in different ways. In addition, according to Blake (2008) recidivism has been around for many years, for example In the Outlook of August, 1908, Harry Hall, treasurer of the Berkshire Industrial Farm, tells of a boy of twelve who had been convicted six times of what would be considered serious offenses in the case of an adult, the first conviction having been when he was only seven years old. He speaks of a lad who, on being sentenced to state prison, said to the judge: I want to say that when I first went to the House of Refuge I was a good boy; when I came out I was a burglar. Unless we miss our guess this boy still had in him the soul of a militant reformer, who was not afraid to speak out for the public good. (Blake, 2008) Therefore, due to the consequences of recidivism many issues arise that affect the community and law enforcement. One of most recent studies conducted was The PewShow MoreRelatedDoes Incarceration Affect Recidivism?1433 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Incarceration Affect Recidivism? The United States is the world’s leader in incarceration with 2.2 million people currently in the nation’s prisons or jails. Incarceration is a widely argued topic with many understood viewpoints, and it directly deals with three main important correctional topics which are deterrence, rehabilitation, and recidivism. The definition of incarceration is the state of being confined in prison. Not only does incarceration affect people directly by taking away theirRead MoreThe Endless Cycle Of Recidivism993 Words   |  4 PagesThe Endless Cycle of Recidivism Recidivism is such a significant problem here in New Mexico. Many tend to throw it off and label it â€Å"just† a prison problem. But in all reality and factuality it’s a whole lot more than that; it’s a societal problem that affects our whole community, it affects our state as a whole. Recidivism is the act of reoffending or falling back into criminal behavior after one has been incarcerated and released. Recidivism tends to more common, than uncommon here in New MexicoRead MoreIt Is Often Stated That Prison Does Not Work Because of the High Recidivism Rates. Why Do You Think the Prison Population Has Increased so Much in the Last Ten Years?1740 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Recidivism- Recidivism is a term, applied in the Criminal Justice System for criminals who despite having been punished for a crime go on to repeat it, only to be returned to a custodial sentence. It is for this particular reason that the penal system need to decide whether the system i s effective in doing its job, or reforms are needed to improve the way it conducts itself. What causes Recidivism? Recidivism is caused by criminals who have been through the courts and prison system andRead MoreRehabilitation Programs Should Be Abolished1669 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world. There are over 2 million prisoners throughout the United States, and approximately 750,000 of them will be released within the year. With the current methods in place in the prison system, most offenders will likely fall back into the same way of life that originally landed them in jail. In fact, roughly two-thirds of prisoners being released today will end up back in prison within the next three years (Petersilia). This not only affects the families and lives of those serving behind barsRead MoreFactors That Lead To Recidivism1353 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion/Objective: What are some factors that lead to recidivism of female juvenile offenders? The objective to this question is to find out whether sexual abuse and environmental factors lead to recidivism amongst girl juvenile offenders. These are two factors that have not been researched enough amongst juvenile offenders and can be addressed to help guide these girls to a better path in their lives. Recidivism: Recidivism is when a convicted criminal has the tendency to reoffend. It often results inRead MoreUnintended Consequences Of The State Prison System1010 Words   |  5 Pages state budget cuts, lowering prison over-crowding, and improving corrections are the underlying reasons for the policy shift. Although â€Å"county custody costs (county jail) may be somewhat lower than state prison costs, shifting the custody and supervision costs of selected offender groups to the county will only cut spending in state prisons,† and may fail to lower the overall costs of corrections in California (Owen Mobley, 2012, p. 47). Whereas the state prison system seems to be progressingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States3014 Words   |  13 Pagesmany, as being â€Å"the land of the free.† Yet, the Unites States currently has the highest per capita prison population than any other country. The United States makes up only 5% of the world’s population and of that 5%, 25% of our overall nation’s population is currently incarcerated. A few factors that attribute to our high rates of incarceration include, sentencing laws: such as mandatory- minimum sentencing, lack of initial deterrence from crime, the war on drugs and the presence of recidivism. WithRead MoreLiterature Review : Recidivism Therapy Research1763 Words   |  8 Pagesssignment 4 Literature Review Recidivism Therapy Research Recidivism therapy research can be a very effective tool, in the combat of lowering rates of recidivism. The focus in cognitive functioning of prisoners can be a very useful in the way we treat repeat offenders. Research shows that changing the way people think about certain behaviors, while providing them with support systems lowers the risk of recidivism rates. We especially see this in the rates of young offenders. Which isRead MoreShould People Less Than Eighteen Years Old (Minors/Juveniles/Adolescents) Ever Be Tried and Sentenced as Adults?1516 Words   |  7 Pagessentencing youth criminals under adult justice system has been a hot topic of debate. Supporters of tough laws on insist the need to enforce harsh penalties to uphold justice. The practice of treating youth criminals as adults since the 1990s is a result of the steep rise in youth crimes. However, youth advocates argue that tough laws should not be applied to youth offenders anymore. The core issue of the controvers y is whether, because adolescents are biologically and mentally different from adults, theyRead MoreAmerica Should Not Afford For Nonviolent Criminals Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica cannot afford to continue incarcerating nonviolent criminals. Why reward offenders with food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and treatment programs at the taxpayers expense? Community supervision programs that require offenders to work to support themselves and their families make better sense. In addition, offenders should pay supervision fees, restitution to victims and court costs. Further, offenders on community supervision could utilize to addiction treatment programs and mental

Cloning Should Not Be Legalized - 2450 Words

Cloning Should Not be Legalized Human cloning has been a very controversial issue for a number of years. In order to understand cloning better is important to recognize what cloning is. A clone is an exact genetic replica of a DNA molecule, cell, tissue, organ, or entire plant or animal. This may be done through reproductive cloning or therapeutic cloning known as stem cell cloning. (Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research) Human cloning raises the issues of whether or not a cloned person would in fact be considered a human or if they would have the same human rights. This question opens the door to a multitude of violations against humanity and the idea of genetic engineering. Religious groups are arguing that cloning is the†¦show more content†¦(Adherents) According to Survey2001, out of 531 religious individuals surveyed, only 15.4 percent supported cloning research and 69.9 percent were for passing a law against cloning. (Bainbridge) This would account for majority of the world’s popu lation. The top two religions of the world are Christianity with two billion followers (33 percent) and Islam with one point three billion followers (22 percent) (Adherents). Christians, especially Roman Catholics strongly oppose to cloning. In Sunni Islam and most other sub-divisions it is forbidden to clone animals, or humans, even though some may support cloning research. Richard McCormick for Christian Century believes that human cloning is not just an issue of personal privacy, but it is a very social matter. It affects the wholeness of life, the individuality of life and the respect for life. (McCormick) He wrote a paper describing how all creatures came from God with their own certain uniqueness about them. Some organisms were created to produce asexually, but for humans this is not the case. Cloning is a form of playing God since it interferes with the natural order of creation. God devised a proper way to conceive babies; it should be done through marriage and love. A newborn baby is a gift of God and should be a unique product of mother and father. A child’s genes should be determined by chance and continue being a mystery of lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Cloning Of The Sheep1749 Words   |  7 PagesIII Date: 8 May 2015 Human Cloning Cloning of Dolly the Sheep was a first on many fronts. First, it represented the first mammal ever to be cloned from a somatic cell. It also sets a benchmark on which to evaluate other animal cloning experiments going forward. Secondly, her cloning was the start of controversy and panic in regards to animal cloning, as it raised the question of whether scientists would seek to clone humans too, and the ethics behind such a practice, should it ever be adopted. OverRead MoreThe Ethics of Human Cloning Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is separated into two major categories; reproductive cloning, which uses cloning technology to create a human embryo that will produce an entire human, and therapeutic, which adopt cloning into field of medical practices to find a cure for many diseases (Kass). Reproductive cloning requires a somatic cell, a DNA-less egg, and a surrogate mother; as a result, it creates a new individual with the same genome, or genetic coding. The idea originat ed in Germany in 1938, but the first successfulRead MoreExtremely Controversial Topic of Human Cloning Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesHuman cloning is one of the most controversial topics regarding modern science, and the advances of genealogical study. There are many opposing views on the topic. Many people chose to bring things such as human safety, implications on basic morality, and even the violation of things such as religion and nature itself into the debate. Both sides of the infamous cloning debate have their standings, and both sides propose valid points. Human cloning however should be legalized and funded becauseRead MoreCloning Persuasive Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesrealized in the cutting edge world of modern science. Scientists now possess the necessary capabilities and technology to make the process of human cloning a reality. While this is a controversial and rather sensitive topic, cloning is an innovative practice that has the potential to vastly improve the l ives of unlimited amounts of people. Although cloning may prove to be a useful remedy for many of today’s issues, there are those in the scientific and medical fields who remain vehemently opposed toRead More Cloning Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pages Should Human Cloning be Legal? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. WhatRead MoreLegalizing Human Cloning1547 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Human Cloning Laura Johnson Philosophy 103 May 10, 2010 Part I: Thesis We are in a technological and medically advanced age to where anything is possible. Technology and medical advances combined us as a people have the ability to gain from each opportunity that we invent. For example, we now have the capability at our fingertips to connect with friends and family through the World Wide Web, this in which is given to us by way of technological advances. Through medicalRead MoreEssay on Organ Donation1638 Words   |  7 PagesDepartment of Health and Human Services reports that the donor waiting list has doubled in the last 10years (Clemmons, 2009). Why then are we not doing more to solve this problem? There are some alternatives to donation. Alternatives include, Therapeutic Cloning, Xenotransplation, selling of organs, and atrificial organs in the future. Organ donation is the only legal way to procure an organ for transplant. The problem is that not enough people are willing to donate either in death, or by live donationRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cell Research And The American Society2380 Words   |  10 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research and the American Society The importance of ethical issues is often understated in public knowledge. Embryonic stem cell research should be of the utmost importance in the American society due to increased federal funding and the promises research in this field hold. As with many other controversies, embryonic stem cell research can be described as a dispute between religion and science due to the destruction of a viable human embryo. Depending on the status an individualRead MoreTwo of Us: Cloning Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered what it would be like if you had twin or even if you had a clone? If you had an illness like diabetes, have you ever wondered what it would be like if you did not? Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. The first successful clone was in 1997 when scientist Edinburgh cloned Dolly the sheep. She was the first animal to be cloned with an adult somatic cell by using the process of nuclear transfer. She was born on July 5 1 996, lived toRead More Cloning - Ethics or Life? Essay1936 Words   |  8 PagesCloning: Ethnics or Life?       Walking into a small hospital room you notice two small boys. As you observe the diagnostic papers on the young boys bedposts you suddenly become guilt stricken. The darker haired boy on the right has liver cancer, but thankfully there is hope for this young boy, since he is on a very efficient liver donor program. In two days, Sam, as we will call him, will be receiving a clean and pure liver that will grant him a life as normal and healthy as any other young

Ups Key Success Factors free essay sample

The deliveries must be on time, there should be accuracy by way of deliveries, ownership of not only the land based vehicles but also airplanes are important for success. Key success factors include safe deliveries and an excellent reputation. Recently there are key success factors related to information. Accessing the UPS website gives critical information about the whereabouts of the parcel to any customer at a low cost. Information about the merchandise, customers and goods is critical for success. What are the key success factors and risks for UPS given its business strategy?Timely, accurate and competitively priced services are the key success factors for UPS. Moreover, the ability to provide low cost access to customers information about the location and contents of packages is an important success factor. The latest success factor is the ability of the customer to intercept and change the direction of a delivery. The risks are that owning trucks and planes may make the operation too costly. We will write a custom essay sample on Ups Key Success Factors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moreover, UPS depends on its workers for deliveries and there are risks that the delivery may be late, wrongly delivered, or simply abandoned.There is a risk of wrong billing, damaged packages or lost packages. How is UPS performing? What factors are driving this performance? Is the current performance likely to be sustained? Why or why not? UPS is performing well. In 2006 the results of UPS reported earnings increase of $0. 89 and this was an increase of 14. 1% over the results announced in 2005. This performance has been fuelled by an increase of 9% in global small package volume. This increase amounts to 1. 24 million packages every day. This performance is not likely to be sustained because this spurt is faster than the world market growth. How is FedEx performing?How, if at all, do its performance and plans affect your assessment of the sustainability of UPSs current performance? Federal Express is performing moderately well. The sale have grown by 7. 65% compared to the industry 5. 49%, However the net profit margin is 5. 67% compared to the industry figure of 7. 70%. The return on Assets is 8. 52% whereas the industry figure is 11. 10%. Two of FedEx strategies that have worked are its tie up with the US postal system and its first mover advantage in introducing the tracking system for packages. My assessment of the sustainability of UPSs current performance does not change.Given your assessment of the companys strategy and the sustainability of its performance, forecast the key factors for UPSs stock value? The original company strategy has been to deliver goods overnight. Time bound deliveries is its main selling point. It creates security in the minds of its customers by using the Guardian anti missile system on board its flight. FedEx offers a wide range of products that target customers with different needs. Federal Express has been the innovator in the strategy of allowing the customers to track their packages. This facility has developed great confidence in the system of FedEx. In fact, the tracking system of FedEx has forced other shipping companies also to use tracking systems. In promotions FedEx has adapted the strategy of using motor sports. The key factors for UPSs stock value are its size, the increasing revenues from its international operations and the increasing sales of its supply chain solutions. The investors are also impressed by the net profit of UPS that is 8. 48 which is higher than the industry figure of 7. 70. The return on assets is also 11. 75 which is greater than the industry average of 11. 10. The return on equity is also 25. 5 that is higher than the industry average of 23. 55. What is your estimate of UPSs value and its multiple? One approach is to give the total equity as an estimate of the company. This is $15,569 million dollars. However, the investors valuation of UPS must go beyond its book values of assets and liabilities. The market value gives a much better estimate.

The influence of Conan Doyles work Essay Example

The influence of Conan Doyles work Essay Sherlock Holmes is an enduringly popular character and is so for many reasons. Conan Doyles stories about the afore-mentioned detective have been popular for many generations and have made a large impact on literature. The stories even began an entire genre and stereotype. The influence of Conan Doyles work can still be seen in TV and film today; it is because of this that it is important to understand the reasons behind this popularity.  There are several reasons that Sherlock Holmes has been so enduringly popular. Some of the reasons for Sherlock Holmes popularity are linked to the time the play was written; these give the play its original popularity and others more to do with Conan Doyles writing talent which give them a more enduring appeal. Sherlock Holmes was first introduced to the public in 1886 in A Study in Scarlet. He was introduced for entertainment only. The Victorian times werent easy times to live in and the people needed some relief and entertainment, this is one of the reasons Sherlock Holmes was so popular originally. At the start of A Study in Scarlet we are introduced to another character before Sherlock Holmes, we are introduced to Watson. Watson is the narrator of the stories; he is by all accounts a literary device used to tell each story.  In the year 1978 I took my degree of Doctor of Medicine of the University or London and proceeding to Netley to go through the course prescribed for surgeons in the army. We will write a custom essay sample on The influence of Conan Doyles work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The influence of Conan Doyles work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The influence of Conan Doyles work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first lines of A Study in Scarlet introduce Watson and immediately start to build his credibility as a narrator. He is shown as a learned and honourable man, a doctor and someone who has pride in his country, these things would have been very important in the Victorian times and would have helped the reader a great deal when it came to trusting him. It is very important that Conan Doyle builds his credibility so early on and presents him as a trustworthy character as the readers of the story needed to be able to trust him, because of Conan Doyles skill in presenting Watson this way the readers are able to trust in what he says and engage in the stories in a more interactive way as he acts like a link for them. Watson is used to tell the stories and due to the eccentric nature of a lot of the cases and because of the amount of exact information he apparently relays from memory, it is important that this trust and respect for his intelligence are built early on so that the reader can easily believe him and trust in what he says. It is after we have a good idea of Watson and his ways that we have our first information on Sherlock Holmes.  Yes, but it may be pushed to excess. When it comes to beating the subjects in the dissecting-rooms with a stick, it is certainly taking a rather bizarre shape. In our first mention of Sherlock Holmes he is being recommended to Watson as a potential room-mate but his first impression is shocking, he is referred to as a kind of scientist and a cold person, very calculated in his nature. It is also mentioned that he beats bodies with a stick. As this is Sherlock Holmes character a typical Victorian reader may have been shocked by this and taken an instant dislike to Sherlock Holmes had the story been a direct introduction of him and had it been told by him, but Watson acts like a buffer. As Watson is between the reader and Sherlock Holmes and as the reader already trusts Watson it makes it acceptable for them to read on and enjoy the story even though Sherlock Holmes seems quite strange and something they wouldnt normally want to associate with. Conan Doyles language does also help dull down some of Holmes antics which could have been found offensive as it is predictable and structured like a police report. Our first introduction to Sherlock Holmes is an interesting one though.  When Watson is first introduced to Sherlock he is in his laboratory and performing an experiment. The experiment he performs is one on haemoglobin and it is a success. Why, man, it is the most practical medico-legal discovery for yearscriminal cases are continually hinging on that one pointnow we have Sherlock Holmes test and there will no longer be any difficulty.  Holmes says this with a pinch of salt and makes it seem unimportant, to him it is but to a Victorian reader he has just helped engage them further into his world. The Victorian reader had such a hard life that they where reading Sherlock Holmes for entertainment only and just wanted to get away. As Sherlock Holmes is showing that he is a man of science, working for the greater good for of the people and helping to keep them safe from crime; in a time when there is a crisis in religious faith, a rise in crime and an inadequate police force this makes Sherlock seem like a pretty good bet and will help the reader trust him and engage in his cases so they can get away from everyday life, this will obviously increase the stories popularity.

AP Psychology Practice Tests Complete Collection

AP Psychology Practice Tests Complete Collection SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Practice tests are some of the best review tools for AP Psychology. They'll give you insight into your areas of weakness and prepare you for the structure and content of the real test. In this article, I’ll list all the official and unofficial practice tests available online and provide advice on how to use them to get a great score on the AP test. Official AP Psychology Practice Tests It’s best to use official practice tests when preparing for the exam because you can be sure that the questions are faithful representations of what to expect on test day. There’s a limited supply of released official exams, but you should be able to get enough practice out of them (and you can still supplement with some unofficial tests if necessary, which I’ll discuss in the next section). These two tests are pretty old, but there haven’t been any major changes to the exam since they were administered. They’re still valid as practice resources: 1994 Official Released AP Psychology Exam1999 Official Released AP Psychology Exam If you’re looking for a bit of extra free-response practice, you can try working on official free-response questions in isolation. Most of them also have accompanying answer keys to help you better understand what the graders are expecting: Official Free-Response Questions 2002-2016 (accessible with College Board account) Those are the only official practice tests I can legally link to, but you may be able to find additional tests online from other sources. Your teacher will also have access to practice testing materials that are not available to the general public. If you’re looking for more official AP tests, talk to your teacher and see if he or she can provide you with any extra resources. You must wear a nice blazer with a button up shirt when taking official AP practice tests. That's how the test knows that you're also official. If you wear sweatpants, it won't trust you with its secrets. Unofficial AP Psychology Practice Exams Unofficial practice tests can also be useful, although you shouldn’t rely on them completely. They’ll still test roughly the same content as the real test, but their questions may be phrased differently and have a slightly higher or lower difficulty level. Be sure to intersperse official practice tests with these unofficial ones in your studying. Barron’s Diagnostic Test This is a free diagnostic test from Barron’s. It has the same format as the real AP test, so there are 100 multiple-choice questions followed by two free-response questions. You can choose to take the test in practice mode (untimed) or timed mode depending on how comfortable you are with the material. The multiple-choice section is scored for you, and answers to free-response questions are available as well. This means that you won’t have to put in quite as much legwork to see where your mistakes happened. One drawback to the online format is that you can't directly replicate the conditions of the AP test. It will probably take you less time to fill in your answers than it would on a pencil and paper test. Kaplan Practice Tests Here you can find practice quizzes that cover all the different topics in the course as well as two comprehensive 100-question practice tests. Again, you can only take the tests online, so you won’t necessarily get as much out of the experience. There also aren’t any free-response questions, so you’ll have to look elsewhere (preferably the College Board website) if you want to practice them. Shmoop Practice Tests (accessible with free trial) Shmoop has a diagnostic test and two full-length practice examsthat mimic the content and format of the real AP test (free-response section included). You have to pay for an account eventually, but you can start off with a free trial and cancel before the first payment is due if you want. The rate for a student account is $24.68 a month. REA Online Practice Exam ($4.95) This is just one practice test, but it includes automatic scoring, and it analyzes your mistakes for you. The test is also timed, so testing conditions are replicated relatively accurately (minus the fact that it’s on the computer). How to Review With AP Psychology Practice Tests Practice tests can be used throughout the school year and in your final review sessions for the AP test. They are the best way for you to judge how advanced you are in your knowledge of the material. They’ll also help you gain familiarity with the format of the AP test so that you’re not caught off-guard on test day. Here’s some advice on how to use these tests in your studying at different points throughout the year: First Semester: In-Class Test Prep At this point, you’re just preparing for in-class tests and haven’t learned all the information for the course yet. You might decide to use practice sites that include focused questions on specific aspects of the curriculum, like this one. Still, the practice tests in this article may be helpful resources. You can sort through the free-response questions that were asked on previous administrations of the test to find ones that are relevant to what you’ve learned so far. It’s a smart idea to practice free-response questions well ahead of time because they require the most independent knowledge. Most students have a tougher time on this section than on the multiple-choice section because you don't get a list of options that might jog your memory about a certain term or concept. Guessing isn't a viable option, so it's important to prepare thoroughly. Second Semester: AP Test Prep As you head into your second semester, start thinking about prepping for the AP test with full practice exams. You will have learned most of the material by the middle of the second semester, so you'll be able to use practice tests to judge your skills more accurately. I'd recommend taking your first full-length practice test sometime in March. Online tests can be helpful, but make sure you print out some practice tests too. This is the only way to see whether your time management is on point. When you take a practice test, make sure you treat it seriously so that you can learn from your mistakes. After you finish the test, score it and investigate your incorrect answers. There are several reasons why you might answer a question incorrectly. It could be due to poor time management, a careless mistake, or a lack of content knowledge. If one of the first two problems is the source of many of your mistakes, you probably need to take more practice tests to get used to the format while learning to read more carefully and pace yourself better. If your mistakes have more to do with content knowledge, you can narrow your focus further by categorizing your wrong answers by subject (consult the list of topics in this article). This way, you can primarily study parts of the course that you struggle with and avoid wasting time on concepts you already understand. Once you’ve identified your mistakes on the practice test and taken steps to correct them, take another test to check your progress. Again, make sure you take this test with the same time limits as the real AP test. After you take the second test, repeat the steps of scoring it and looking through your mistakes. Continue this process until you feel fully prepared for the exam. It may be productive to practice free-response questions in isolation between full practice tests if you struggle with that section. The more familiar you are with the way free-response questions are asked and what graders expect, the more likely you are to ace the free-response section on the real test in May. These questions will also help reinforce your understanding of psychological terms because they often ask you to apply terms to a hypothetical real-life scenario. Keep working out your test-taking muscles until your brain looks like this dude. Essential AP Psychology Practice Testing Tips In this section, I'll list a few tips that are important to remember while using practice tests to review for AP Psychology. #1: Always Time Yourself I said it before, and I’ll say it again: If you want to assess your weak spots accurately, you need to time yourself as though you're taking the real test. You don’t want time pressure to be your downfall after working your butt off to memorize all the content. If you can get a parent, sibling, or friend who doesn’t have anything better to do for two hours to be a mock proctor for you, that’s even better! #2: Don’t Overthink It’s especially funny to list this tip for AP Psychology, but it’s also especially relevant to the way the questions are structured. You’ll see quite a few questions that seem complex but are actually just a matter of common sense. Try not to second-guess yourself on these types of questions. The test isn’t trying to trick you! #3: Be Direct in the Free-Response Section When some students think about free-response questions, they imagine writing a five paragraph essay. You don't have to do that on this test! All the graders want are the correct answers written in complete sentences. Forget about intros, conclusions, or any other fluffy stuff you’re tempted to include. #4: Put More Faith in Official Test Scores Than Unofficial Ones It’s tempting to believe that a high score on an unofficial test is valid, but it can get you into trouble. Keep in mind that some unofficial tests will be easier or harder than the real AP test because the questions weren't designed by the College Board. You should always include at least one official practice test in your studying so you can compare the difficulty levels and get an accurate reading on your progress. Some tests are LIARS! Conclusion Use the practice tests in this article as tools to bolster your prep for AP Psychology. Official tests and unofficial tests are both valuable resources, but pay more attention to your scores on official tests when judging your progress and skill level. Going over mistakes on practice tests will help you understand where your weaknesses lie and how you can fix them. If you take multiple practice tests, analyze your mistakes, and plan out your studying responsibly, you can expect high scores on the AP test and any in-class tests you take throughout the year. What's Next? Are you looking for more guidance in preparing for this test? Read my complete AP Psychology study guide here! You should also check out our description of Stockholm Syndrome (complete with examples) here. Review books can also be helpful study resources. If you're not sure which one to get, take a look at this list of the best AP Psychology books. What will a high score on an AP test really mean for you in college? Find out how AP classes can lead to college credits. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: